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| TAQLID ( BLIND FOLLOWING OF IMAM ) PERMISSIBLE OR IMPERMISSIBLE |
INTRODUCTION OF TAQLID ( BLIND FOLLOWING )
Meaning of Taqlid
Taqlid is an Arabic verbal
noun which comes from kallada means to encircle a person or part of
body with a band or belt. In Islamic legal terminology taqlid means
to “ follow a mujtahid “{an Islamic scholar who can interpret and
deduced from sharia i.e. ( Islamic rule
)} It further means following the decision of Imam ( religious expert
) blindly, without examining the
Scriptural basis
or reasoning of that decision. Simply adhering to one of schools (
madhabs ) of Jurisprudence. ( e,g shafi , humbali, hanafi, maliki ,
zaidi etc.)
Sheikh
Samee Hanaf explain taqlid
as “ to take statement of someone without knowing the evidence.”
{ Aqood Rasam Al- Muftee p
23 }
Allah
says in Quran “ So ask the people of the message if you do not know
“ [ AL Ambia 21:7 ]
Shayk
Muhammad Ibn Sahil Al Uthaymeen commented on this verse “ Allah
does not instruct us to ask them except for purpose of following
their opinion. This is called taqlid but if one start adhering to
specific madhabs by following it in all cases even it goes against
the evidence and start believing that this is the way to Allah. So
this type of taqlid is forbidden. But the one who has the ability to
work things out ( ijthaad ) the one who is talib ul ilm (seeker of
knowledge) may engage in Ijtihaad on the basic of evidence, so
accordingly he can follow the one who he thinks is correct, or is not
likely to be correct. As for the ordinary Muslim and beginner or
seeker of knowledge they should strive to follow the one who they
think is more closer to the truth (quran and authentic hadith)
because of his rich knowledge, strong religious dedication and piety.
[ Al Ilm p- 205 see Islam qa fatwa no. 113687 ]
[ Al Ilm p- 205 see Islam qa fatwa no. 113687 ]
According
to some scholar following Prophetic Hadeeth is Taqlid
Imam
Shafiee explain “ Following
someone blindly and without evidence is Taqleed and Allah (swt ) has
not made it permissible to follow anyone except Prophet
peace be upon him [ Mukhtasar al Muzmi Kitab adab al Qada ]
Comment:
Scholars used word Taqleed to follow Prophet peace be upon him. Imam
Shafiee meant here that one should accept the saying of prophet
without any doubt or evidence. (mention by Ar Ruwiyani in Bahr ul
Muhit vol 6 page 271)
The
verse in Quran in Surah an Nahl verse 43
“ So
ask the people of the message if you do not know”
Amr
bin Qais commented on this verse 'it means “ people of Knowledge”
[ Al Faqeeh Wal Mutafiqqah 2168 ]
Khateeb
Baghdadi Commented on this “It
is not allowed to do taqleed of anyone to leave the approved sunnah
of prophet peace be upon him” (
Al Faqeeh Wal Mutafiqqah 1:145 )
It
is understood that one can approach the imam about Islamic ruling and
can follow him till the time it does not contradict Quran and
authentic hadith.A lay man can also ask the fatwa or
proof at the same time for his understanding.
Some
scholars like Khateeb Bhagdadi differ in their opinion
according to him asking
question from a scholar is taqleed. He commented on above verse that
asking from scholars is obligation on lay man. He
mention that some call it taqleed and other say it
‘itteba’(obedience).
In his book Al fakih wal mutafiqqah 1/145 he mention that “ it is
not allowed to do taqleed of anyone except the
approved sunnah of prophet (peace be upon him ).”
It
has been observed that many people used his first statement as basis
of taqleed but leave the other statement to justify their false
taqleed. As it is against them.They do taqleed of their respected
Imam even after knowing the truth.
Imam
Ibn Abdul Barr said
As
for lay person they must do taqlid of their scholars when they are
in doubt. Because they do not know the evidence and without knowledge
they do not have ability to deduce from quran and sunnah. But
if matter is clear then he must not do taqlid of him, rather it is
haram. (jame bayan
al ilm volume 2/114).
PROHIBITION OF TAQLID FROM QURAN
Allah
mention in surah Al-e-Imran-Verse 81
 |
“And
( remember ) when Allah took the covenant of Prophets saying take
whatever I gave from book and hikmah and afterwards there will come
to you a messenger confirming what
is with you, you must then believe in him and help him……..”
Imam
Ibn Katheer commented that it is proven from Quran that no one is the
Greatest Imam other
then Prophet peace be upon him. Each and every saying can be rejected
whether it is from Imam Abu Haneefah or Imam Shafee or any other
Imam. Proven if hadeeth comes in front of
Imam and his saying than their saying should be rejected.
PROHIBITION OF TAQLID FROM HADITH
Prophet
saw said by the one who has the soul of Muhammad(saw). If Musa (as)
comes to you and if you follow him and leave me, you
will go astray. If he comes back to life and sees the period of my
Prophet hood, he will certainly follow me.
( Mishqat al Masabih vol 1 hadeeth 194 )
( Mishqat al Masabih vol 1 hadeeth 194 )
This
hadith confirmed that one should
follow only prophet ( saw) and no other Imam in religion.
PROHIBITION OF TAQLID FROM SAHABA (COMPANIONS )
Ibn
Masood (RA) clearly rejected taqleed and he asked his
student to do Iqtada ( not taqleed ) of the dead. He replied that it
means Sahaba.They
were the best of this nation, the purest in heart, the deepest in
knowledge. They were chosen
by Allah to be the companion of his Prophet ( saw ) and to convey his
religion. So
follow their ways and behavior, for they were on
the right Path.
[ Mishqat Al Masabih Vol 1, Page no 68-69, Hadeeth Number 193 ]
[ Mishqat Al Masabih Vol 1, Page no 68-69, Hadeeth Number 193 ]
There
were other Sahaba like Abdullah Ibn Umar, Muadh
bin Jabal etc. has same opinion about taqleed.
PROHIBITION OF TAQLID FROM SCHOLARS
Imam
Shafiee said “ the Muslim are Constantine that
if a saying of Messenger of Allah (saw ) is made clear to someone, it
is not permitted ( Halal ) for him to leave it for the saying of
anyone else. [ Ibn
Qayyim Ailaam Al Moqiyeen ( 21361 ) and Fulaami ( p 68 )]
Imam
Dahabee also had same opinion he said “ Stick to
one madhab is chosen by the one who is not able to seek
knowledge, like
many of the scholars of
our time who are fanatic. [
Seyar Ailam Al Nubala Vol. 14 page 491 ]
He
also stated that “ I follow the truth and
perform Ijtihad, and I do not attach to
any Madhab. ( Seyar Ailam Al Nubala under the biography of Ibn Hazam
)
Imam
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal said “ The opinion of scholars like Awzaai, of
Maalik and of
Abu Haneefah, all
their opinion, are equal in my eyes. However the proof is in the
narration ( from prophet saw ) and his companion )” [ Ibn Abdul
Barr in Jaami
Bayaan Al Ilm 2/149 ]
In
fact the only
Madhabs which can be followed without asking any question is that of
Prophet (saw). Only his interpretation is divinely guided, rest
all other Madhabs are result of human effort. The Madhab of Prophet
saw is the only Madhabs for all Imams, Sahabas, and
one who comes after them.
[Evolution of fiqh page no-18 Islamic law and Madhabs by Bilal Philips]
[Evolution of fiqh page no-18 Islamic law and Madhabs by Bilal Philips]
CONCLUSION ABOUT TAQLID
There
is nothing wrong in asking from people of knowledge or
following school of thought but making taqleed even after watching
authentic ruling from Quran and Sunnah is Haram or an act of kufr.
A
Lay person should make (dua) supplication for
the correct understanding of Islam and strive to find out the right
path.
It
is not obligatory to follow only one single Madhab and
Imam. One should not make rulings from his own opinion, rather he
should see the opinion of Imams and take best which is close to
hadeeth and Quran.
Authored by
Naved khan
DO NOT FORGET TO COMMENT BELOW
CLICK TO READ
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Authored by
Naved khan
DO NOT FORGET TO COMMENT BELOW
CLICK TO READ
The issue of triple talaq
The year of sorrow in life of prophet muhammad peace be upon him
An Amazing story the day i died
what is takdeer (predestination), do we have free will or not
THE STORY OF IBN ABBAS
very interesting
The story of jinn - paranormal activities - ghost , evil spiritis
Bibliography
Article
Taqlid from wikipedia Without DOI Reference,
Retrieved from
Article
Taqleed Prohibition from Quran Sunnah Sahaba & Muhadditheen
without DOI Reference, Retrieved from http://www.systemoflife.com
Philips,
Abu.Ameenah Bilal The
evolution of fiqh : Islamic law and Mad-habs I Abu
Ameenah Bilal Philips (15th
ed.)Riyadh , 2006 p. 18,
ISBN 9960-9813-0-4
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